The Knights of the Round Table
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Sir Lancelot du Lac
Courage
Argent, three bends Gules
The First Knight of the Round Table, Sir Lancelot du Lac was the son of King Ban of Benwick
and Queen Elaine. He was portrayed as never failing in gentleness, courtesy, courage, and
willingness to serve others. It was said that Launcelot was the Round Table’s best fighter
and swordsman.
Legend tells that the Lady of the Lake found him as a child, abandoned by the shore. She
fostered him to become one of literature’s greatest knights. It has also been said that
Launcelot was the father of Galahad by Elaine of Astolat, who died
of a heart broken by unrequited love.
Many tales talk of the love between Launcelot and Guinevere, he was a favorite of the Queen
and rescued her from harm on many occasions.
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Sir Galahad
Humility
Argent, a cross Gules
Galahad was the son of Sir Launcelot and Elaine of Corbenic. The
conception of Galahad occurred when Elaine mislead Lancelot into thinking he was sleeping
with Guinevere.
Galahad is best known as the "Purest Knight" who achieves the quest for the Holy Grail and
is allowed to sit in the Siege Perilous, the seat reserved for the Grail Knight at
the Round Table. Galahad appears in the 13th century Vulgate Cycle,
Estoire de saint Graal. Galahad remains the Grail Knight in Malory’s
Morte d’Arthur. He is presented as the image of the perfect knight in Tennyson’s
Idylls of the King because his "strength was as the strength of ten" and his
"heart is pure."
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Sir Gawain
Courtesy
Purpure, a double headed eagle, Or
Sir Gawain is said to be the nephew of King Arthur. His parents were Lot of Orkney and
Morgause (though his mother is said to be Anna in Geoffrey of Monmouth). Upon the death of
Lot, he became the head of the Orkney clan, which, in many sources, included his brothers
Agravain, Gaheris, and Gareth, and his half-brother Mordred.
Gawain figures prominently in many romances. In France he is generally presented as one who
has adventures paralleling in diptych fashion but not overshadowing the hero's, whether
that hero be Lancelot or Percivale. In the
English tradition, however, it is much more common for Gawain to be the principal hero and
the exemplar of courtesy and chivalry, as he is in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
and the other Arthurian romances of the Alliterative Revival. In Malory's
Le Morte d'Arthur, however, he has a role similar to that in the French
romances, in that Lancelot is the principal hero.
The accidental death of Gawain's brothers at Sir Lancelot's hands caused Gawain, one of the
mightiest warriors at court, to become the bitter enemy of his once greatest friend. He
was mortally wounded in a fight with Lancelot who, it is said, lay for two nights weeping
at Gawain's tomb. Before his death, Gawain repented of his bitterness towards Lancelot and
forgave him.
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Sir Percevale
Prowess
Purpure, a semy of crosses, Or
Sir Percivale was raised by his mother in ignorance of arms and courtesy. Percivale's
natural prowess, however, led him to King Arthur's court where he immediately set off in
pursuit of a knight who had offended Guinevere. Percivale is one of the Grail knights in
numerous medieval and modern stories of the Grail Quest.
Percivale first appears in Chrétien de Troyes's unfinished Percivale or Conte del Graal.
Chrétien's story was also the inspiration for Wolfram von Eschenbach's Parzival.
As in Chrétien's story, Wolfram's Parzival is initially naive and foolish, having
been sheltered from the dangers of the chivalric world by his mother. Other medieval
versions of the story of Percivale can be found in the French texts known as the
Didot-Percivale and Perlesvaus. Percivale is the central character in the
fourteenth-century Middle English romance Sir Percivale of Galles, which is
apparently based on Chrétien's tale but which omits the Grail motif entirely.
Percivale is one of three Grail knights in Sir Thomas Malory's Le Morte d'Arthur,
the others being Galahad and Bors. Percivale functions as the
narrator of the dramatic monologue which comprises most of Tennyson's Idyll
"The Holy Grail."
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Sir Gareth
Justice
Purpure, a double headed eagle Or, bordure Sable and Gules
Gareth was the youngest brother of Sir Gawain and the son of Lot
and Morgause of Orkney.
He played a significant role in Malory's Le Morte d'Arthur. Malory's
"Tale of Sir Gareth" was apparently created by Malory. It presents Gareth as an exemplar
of chivalry who is knighted by and devoted to Sir Lancelot and who
acts chivalrously towards Lynette despite her abuse of him. This picture of Gareth, who
scorned even his own brothers when they acted less than chivalrously, is one of the
elements that comes together in the final scenes of the Morte to produce the tragic
ending, where Lancelot blindly slays Gareth in his rescue of Guinevere from the stake.
When Gawain heard of this, he turned against Lancelot, thus setting the stage for Mordred's
takeover. In Tennyson's Idyll of Gareth and Lynette, Gareth, although he is not
what he seems, proves himself.
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Sir Kay
Loyalty
Azure, two keys adorssed, Or
Sir Kay was the son of Ector (Ectorious) and the foster brother of King Arthur. History
records Kay (Cai in Welsh) as being a very tall man, as shown by his epithet, "the Tall".
He appears in the Mabinogion tale of "Culhwch and Olwen" as the foremost warrior at the
Court of the King Arthur. He apparently had mystical powers and was called one of the
"Three Enchanter Knights of Britain". He was Arthur's seneschal and one of his most
faithful companions.
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Device images used by permission, copyright Lord Connor Sinclair de Winterfell,
Kingdom of Atlantia (mka Kevin Houghton).
Knights' histories used by permission, copyright Lady Tressa de Crauford,
Kingdom of Ansteorra (mka Tracy Lang).
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